Which of the following are common treatment modalities for breast cancer?

Surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and hormonal therapy are considered the cornerstone treatment modalities for breast cancer and are widely endorsed by medical professionals based on a substantial body of clinical evidence.

Surgery is often the first line of treatment, aimed at removing the tumor or affected breast tissue and may include procedures such as lumpectomy or mastectomy. Radiation therapy is typically used following surgery to eliminate any remaining cancer cells in the breast or surrounding tissues, reducing the risk of recurrence.

Chemotherapy involves the use of drugs to target and kill cancer cells, and it may be administered before surgery to shrink tumors (neoadjuvant therapy) or afterward (adjuvant therapy) to eliminate any undetected cancer. Hormonal therapy targets hormone receptors in certain types of breast cancer that are hormone-sensitive, blocking the body's natural hormones from fueling the growth of the cancer.

These modalities are grounded in rigorous research and clinical trials, supporting their effectiveness in managing breast cancer, improving survival rates, and lessening recurrence risks. In contrast, while the other options mention complementary approaches, they do not represent standard treatment methods recognized for breast cancer management in medical practice.