What does BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene testing assess?

BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene testing specifically assesses an individual's hereditary risk for breast and ovarian cancer. These genes are crucial because mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 significantly increase the likelihood of developing these types of cancers. Individuals who inherit a harmful mutation in either of these genes have a much higher risk compared to those without such mutations. This testing is particularly important for family members of individuals diagnosed with breast or ovarian cancer, as they may share similar genetic risks.

Understanding the hereditary nature of these cancers can inform medical professionals and patients about tailored prevention strategies, surveillance options, and possible prophylactic measures. For example, individuals with a confirmed mutation might consider more intensive screening or preventive surgeries, such as mastectomy or oophorectomy, to reduce their cancer risk.

While other options like assessing bone density, response to treatment, and cancer recurrence likelihood are important aspects of cancer care, they do not relate to the specific purpose of BRCA1 and BRCA2 testing. Such tests are focused on identifying genetic predisposition rather than directly measuring factors associated with existing cancer or treatment efficacy.